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Composition Games: An Approach to Composing Directly in L2 
Margaret Orleans
Meiji Gakuen High School, Japan

 
Learners who habitually compose in their first language and then translate into the target language are doing themselves a great disservice. Drawbacks to this approach include inadequate planning and rewriting time, inattention to transcription errors, and a need to route all L2 meaning through the L1. Many Japanese learners perceive English as a sort of code for which they must find one-to-one correspondences with the L1 original, in which all the "true meaning" resides. As a result, they find it difficult to discuss their writing in the L2 and to revise it. In order to give students the experience of composing directly in L2, particularly in making word choices without reference to the L1, I have devised several dozen game-like warm-up activities which, because of their reliance on such language features as spelling, rhyme, and word length, are impossible to translate.